tracert.cpp File Reference

#include <winsock2.h>
#include <Windows.h>
#include <ws2tcpip.h>
#include <iphlpapi.h>
#include <icmpapi.h>
#include <strsafe.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include "resource.h"

Include dependency graph for tracert.cpp:

Go to the source code of this file.

Classes
struct	TraceInfo

Macros
#define	SIZEOF_ICMP_ERROR   8
#define	SIZEOF_IO_STATUS_BLOCK   8
#define	PACKET_SIZE   32
#define	MAX_IPADDRESS   32
#define	NUM_OF_PINGS   3
#define	MIN_HOP_COUNT   1
#define	MAX_HOP_COUNT   255
#define	MIN_MILLISECONDS   1
#define	MAX_MILLISECONDS   ULONG_MAX

Functions
static INT	LengthOfStrResource (_In_ HINSTANCE hInst, _In_ UINT uID)
static INT	AllocAndLoadString (_In_ UINT uID, _Out_ LPWSTR *lpTarget)
static INT	OutputText (_In_ UINT uID,...)
static VOID	Usage ()
static bool	GetULONG (_In_ PCWSTR String, _Out_ PULONG Value)
static bool	ResolveTarget ()
static bool	PrintHopInfo (_In_ PVOID Buffer)
static ULONG	GetResponseStats (_In_ PVOID ReplyBuffer, _Out_ ULONG &RoundTripTime, _Out_ PVOID &AddressInfo)
static bool	DecodeResponse (_In_ PVOID ReplyBuffer, _In_ PVOID LastGoodResponse, _In_ bool OutputHopAddress, _Out_ bool &GoodResponse, _Out_ bool &FoundTarget)
static bool	RunTraceRoute ()
static bool	GetUlongOptionInRange (_In_ int argc, _In_ wchar_t *argv[], _Inout_ int *i, _Out_ ULONG *Value, _In_ ULONG MinimumValue, _In_ ULONG MaximumValue)
static bool	ParseCmdline (int argc, wchar_t *argv[])
EXTERN_C int	wmain (int argc, wchar_t *argv[])

Variables
struct TraceInfo	Info = { 0 }

Macro Definition Documentation

MAX_HOP_COUNT

#define MAX_HOP_COUNT   255

Definition at line 37 of file tracert.cpp.

MAX_IPADDRESS

#define MAX_IPADDRESS   32

Definition at line 34 of file tracert.cpp.

MAX_MILLISECONDS

#define MAX_MILLISECONDS   ULONG_MAX

Definition at line 39 of file tracert.cpp.

MIN_HOP_COUNT

#define MIN_HOP_COUNT   1

Definition at line 36 of file tracert.cpp.

MIN_MILLISECONDS

#define MIN_MILLISECONDS   1

Definition at line 38 of file tracert.cpp.

NUM_OF_PINGS

#define NUM_OF_PINGS   3

Definition at line 35 of file tracert.cpp.

PACKET_SIZE

#define PACKET_SIZE   32

Definition at line 33 of file tracert.cpp.

SIZEOF_ICMP_ERROR

#define SIZEOF_ICMP_ERROR   8

Definition at line 31 of file tracert.cpp.

SIZEOF_IO_STATUS_BLOCK

#define SIZEOF_IO_STATUS_BLOCK   8

Definition at line 32 of file tracert.cpp.

Function Documentation

AllocAndLoadString()

static INT AllocAndLoadString ( _In_ UINT  uID, _Out_ LPWSTR *  lpTarget  )

static

Definition at line 90 of file tracert.cpp.

{
    HMODULE hInst;
    INT Length;
 
    hInst = GetModuleHandleW(NULL);
    Length = LengthOfStrResource(hInst, uID);
    if (Length++ > 0)
    {
        (*lpTarget) = (LPWSTR)LocalAlloc(LMEM_FIXED,
                                         Length * sizeof(WCHAR));
        if ((*lpTarget) != NULL)
        {
            INT Ret;
            if (!(Ret = LoadStringW(hInst, uID, *lpTarget, Length)))
            {
                LocalFree((HLOCAL)(*lpTarget));
            }
            return Ret;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

Referenced by OutputText().

DecodeResponse()

static bool DecodeResponse ( _In_ PVOID  ReplyBuffer, _In_ PVOID  LastGoodResponse, _In_ bool  OutputHopAddress, _Out_ bool &  GoodResponse, _Out_ bool &  FoundTarget  )

static

Definition at line 321 of file tracert.cpp.

{
    ULONG RoundTripTime;
    PVOID AddressInfo;
    ULONG Status = GetResponseStats(ReplyBuffer, RoundTripTime, AddressInfo);
 
    switch (Status)
    {
    case IP_SUCCESS:
    case IP_TTL_EXPIRED_TRANSIT:
        if (RoundTripTime)
        {
            OutputText(IDS_HOP_TIME, RoundTripTime);
        }
        else
        {
            OutputText(IDS_HOP_ZERO);
        }
        GoodResponse = true;
        break;
 
    case IP_DEST_HOST_UNREACHABLE:
    case IP_DEST_NET_UNREACHABLE:
        FoundTarget = true;
        PrintHopInfo(AddressInfo);
        OutputText(IDS_HOP_RESPONSE);
        if (Status == IP_DEST_HOST_UNREACHABLE)
        {
            OutputText(IDS_DEST_HOST_UNREACHABLE);
        }
        else if (Status == IP_DEST_NET_UNREACHABLE)
        {
            OutputText(IDS_DEST_NET_UNREACHABLE);
        }
        return true;
 
    case IP_REQ_TIMED_OUT:
        OutputText(IDS_TIMEOUT);
        break;
 
    case IP_GENERAL_FAILURE:
        OutputText(IDS_GEN_FAILURE);
        return false;
 
    default:
        OutputText(IDS_TRANSMIT_FAILED, Status);
        return false;
    }
 
    if (OutputHopAddress)
    {
        if (Status == IP_REQ_TIMED_OUT && LastGoodResponse)
        {
            Status = GetResponseStats(LastGoodResponse, RoundTripTime, AddressInfo);
        }
        if (Status == IP_SUCCESS)
        {
            FoundTarget = true;
        }
        if (Status == IP_TTL_EXPIRED_TRANSIT || Status == IP_SUCCESS)
        {
            PrintHopInfo(AddressInfo);
            OutputText(IDS_LINEBREAK);
        }
        else if (Status == IP_REQ_TIMED_OUT)
        {
            OutputText(IDS_REQ_TIMED_OUT);
        }
    }
 
    return true;
}

Referenced by RunTraceRoute().

GetResponseStats()

static ULONG GetResponseStats ( _In_ PVOID  ReplyBuffer, _Out_ ULONG &  RoundTripTime, _Out_ PVOID &  AddressInfo  )

static

Definition at line 287 of file tracert.cpp.

{
    ULONG Status;
 
    if (Info.Family == AF_INET6)
    {
        PICMPV6_ECHO_REPLY EchoReplyV6;
        EchoReplyV6 = (PICMPV6_ECHO_REPLY)ReplyBuffer;
        Status = EchoReplyV6->Status;
        RoundTripTime = EchoReplyV6->RoundTripTime;
        AddressInfo = &EchoReplyV6->Address;
    }
    else
    {
#ifdef _WIN64
        PICMP_ECHO_REPLY32 EchoReplyV4;
        EchoReplyV4 = (PICMP_ECHO_REPLY32)ReplyBuffer;
#else
        PICMP_ECHO_REPLY EchoReplyV4;
        EchoReplyV4 = (PICMP_ECHO_REPLY)ReplyBuffer;
#endif
        Status = EchoReplyV4->Status;
        RoundTripTime = EchoReplyV4->RoundTripTime;
        AddressInfo = &EchoReplyV4->Address;
    }
 
    return Status;
}

Referenced by DecodeResponse().

GetULONG()

static bool GetULONG ( _In_ PCWSTR  String, _Out_ PULONG  Value  )

static

Definition at line 163 of file tracert.cpp.

{
    PWSTR StopString;
 
    // Check input arguments
    if (*String == UNICODE_NULL)
        return false;
 
    // Clear errno so we can use its value after
    // the call to wcstoul to check for errors.
    errno = 0;
 
    // Try to convert String to ULONG
    *Value = wcstoul(String, &StopString, 10);
    if ((errno != ERANGE) && (errno != 0 || *StopString != UNICODE_NULL))
        return false;
    // The conversion was successful
    return true;
}

Referenced by GetUlongOptionInRange().

GetUlongOptionInRange()

static bool GetUlongOptionInRange ( _In_ int  argc, _In_ wchar_t *  argv[], _Inout_ int *  i, _Out_ ULONG *  Value, _In_ ULONG  MinimumValue, _In_ ULONG  MaximumValue  )

static

Definition at line 571 of file tracert.cpp.

{
    ULONG ParsedValue = 0;
 
    // Check if we have enough values
    if ((*i + 1) > (argc - 1))
    {
        OutputText(IDS_MISSING_OPTION_VALUE, argv[*i]);
        return false;
    }
 
    (*i)++;
 
    // Try to parse and convert the value as ULONG.
    // Check if ParsedValue is within the specified range.
    if (!GetULONG(argv[*i], &ParsedValue) ||
        ((ParsedValue < MinimumValue) || (ParsedValue > MaximumValue)))
    {
        (*i)--;
        OutputText(IDS_BAD_OPTION_VALUE, argv[*i]);
        return false;
    }
 
    *Value = ParsedValue;
    return true;
}

Referenced by ParseCmdline().

LengthOfStrResource()

static INT LengthOfStrResource ( _In_ HINSTANCE  hInst, _In_ UINT  uID  )

static

Definition at line 60 of file tracert.cpp.

{
    HRSRC hrSrc;
    HGLOBAL hRes;
    LPWSTR lpName, lpStr;
 
    if (hInst == NULL) return -1;
 
    lpName = (LPWSTR)MAKEINTRESOURCE((uID >> 4) + 1);
 
    if ((hrSrc = FindResourceW(hInst, lpName, (LPWSTR)RT_STRING)) &&
        (hRes = LoadResource(hInst, hrSrc)) &&
        (lpStr = (WCHAR*)LockResource(hRes)))
    {
        UINT x;
        uID &= 0xF;
        for (x = 0; x < uID; x++)
        {
            lpStr += (*lpStr) + 1;
        }
        return (int)(*lpStr);
    }
    return -1;
}

Referenced by AllocAndLoadString().

OutputText()

static INT OutputText ( _In_ UINT  uID,   ...  )

static

Definition at line 119 of file tracert.cpp.

{
    LPWSTR Format;
    DWORD Ret = 0;
    va_list lArgs;
 
    if (AllocAndLoadString(uID, &Format) > 0)
    {
        va_start(lArgs, uID);
 
        LPWSTR Buffer;
        Ret = FormatMessageW(FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER | FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_STRING,
                             Format,
                             0,
                             0,
                             (LPWSTR)&Buffer,
                             0,
                             &lArgs);
        va_end(lArgs);
 
        if (Ret)
        {
            wprintf(Buffer);
            LocalFree(Buffer);
        }
        LocalFree((HLOCAL)Format);
    }
 
    return Ret;
}

Referenced by DecodeResponse(), GetUlongOptionInRange(), ParseCmdline(), PrintHopInfo(), RunTraceRoute(), and Usage().

ParseCmdline()

static bool ParseCmdline ( int  argc, wchar_t *  argv[]  )

static

Definition at line 605 of file tracert.cpp.

{
    if (argc < 2)
    {
        Usage();
        return false;
    }
 
    for (int i = 1; i < argc; i++)
    {
        if (argv[i][0] == '-' || argv[i][0] == '/')
        {
            switch (argv[i][1])
            {
            case 'd':
                Info.ResolveAddresses = FALSE;
                break;
 
            case 'h':
               if (!GetUlongOptionInRange(argc,
                                          argv,
                                          &i,
                                          &Info.MaxHops,
                                          MIN_HOP_COUNT,
                                          MAX_HOP_COUNT))
               {
                    return false;
               }
                break;
 
            case 'j':
                printf("-j is not yet implemented.\n");
                return false;
 
            case 'w':
                if (!GetUlongOptionInRange(argc,
                                           argv,
                                           &i,
                                           &Info.Timeout,
                                           MIN_MILLISECONDS,
                                           MAX_MILLISECONDS))
                {
                    return false;
                }
                break;
 
            case '4':
                Info.Family = AF_INET;
                break;
 
            case '6':
                Info.Family = AF_INET6;
                break;
 
            default:
            {
                OutputText(IDS_INVALID_OPTION, argv[i]);
                Usage();
                return false;
            }
            }
        }
        else
        {
            // The host must be the last argument
            if (i != (argc - 1))
            {
                Usage();
                return false;
            }
            
            StringCchCopyW(Info.HostName, NI_MAXHOST, argv[i]);
            break;
        }
    }
 
    // Check for missing host
    if (Info.HostName[0] == UNICODE_NULL)
    {
        OutputText(IDS_MISSING_TARGET);
        Usage();
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

Referenced by wmain().

PrintHopInfo()

static bool PrintHopInfo ( _In_ PVOID  Buffer )

static

Definition at line 219 of file tracert.cpp.

{
    SOCKADDR_IN6 SockAddrIn6 = { 0 };
    SOCKADDR_IN SockAddrIn = { 0 };
    PSOCKADDR SockAddr;
    socklen_t Size;
 
    if (Info.Family == AF_INET6)
    {
        PIPV6_ADDRESS_EX Ipv6Addr = (PIPV6_ADDRESS_EX)Buffer;
        SockAddrIn6.sin6_family = AF_INET6;
        CopyMemory(SockAddrIn6.sin6_addr.u.Word, Ipv6Addr->sin6_addr, sizeof(SockAddrIn6.sin6_addr));
        //SockAddrIn6.sin6_addr = Ipv6Addr->sin6_addr;
        SockAddr = (PSOCKADDR)&SockAddrIn6;
        Size = sizeof(SOCKADDR_IN6);
 
    }
    else
    {
        IPAddr *Address = (IPAddr *)Buffer;
        SockAddrIn.sin_family = AF_INET;
        SockAddrIn.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = *Address;
        SockAddr = (PSOCKADDR)&SockAddrIn;
        Size = sizeof(SOCKADDR_IN);
    }
 
    INT Status;
    bool Resolved = false;
    WCHAR HostName[NI_MAXHOST];
    if (Info.ResolveAddresses)
    {
        Status = GetNameInfoW(SockAddr,
                              Size,
                              HostName,
                              NI_MAXHOST,
                              NULL,
                              0,
                              NI_NAMEREQD);
        if (Status == 0)
        {
            Resolved = true;
        }
    }
 
    WCHAR IpAddress[MAX_IPADDRESS];
    Status = GetNameInfoW(SockAddr,
                          Size,
                          IpAddress,
                          MAX_IPADDRESS,
                          NULL,
                          0,
                          NI_NUMERICHOST);
    if (Status == 0)
    {
        if (Resolved)
        {
            OutputText(IDS_HOP_RES_INFO, HostName, IpAddress);
        }
        else
        {
            OutputText(IDS_HOP_IP_INFO, IpAddress);
        }
    }
 
    return (Status == 0);
}

Referenced by DecodeResponse().

ResolveTarget()

static bool ResolveTarget ( )

static

Definition at line 186 of file tracert.cpp.

{
    ADDRINFOW Hints;
    ZeroMemory(&Hints, sizeof(Hints));
    Hints.ai_family = Info.Family;
    Hints.ai_flags = AI_CANONNAME;
 
    int Status;
    Status = GetAddrInfoW(Info.HostName,
                          NULL,
                          &Hints,
                          &Info.Target);
    if (Status != 0)
    {
        return false;
    }
 
    Status = GetNameInfoW(Info.Target->ai_addr,
                          Info.Target->ai_addrlen,
                          Info.TargetIP,
                          MAX_IPADDRESS,
                          NULL,
                          0,
                          NI_NUMERICHOST);
    if (Status != 0)
    {
        return false;
    }
 
    return true;
}

Referenced by RunTraceRoute(), and wmain().

RunTraceRoute()

static bool RunTraceRoute ( )

static

Definition at line 401 of file tracert.cpp.

{
    bool Success = false;
    PVOID ReplyBuffer = NULL, LastGoodResponse = NULL;
    DWORD ReplySize;
 
    HANDLE heap = GetProcessHeap();
    bool Quit = false;
    ULONG HopCount = 1;
    bool FoundTarget = false;
 
    Success = ResolveTarget();
    if (!Success)
    {
        OutputText(IDS_UNABLE_RESOLVE, Info.HostName);
        goto Cleanup;
    }
 
    ReplySize = PACKET_SIZE + SIZEOF_ICMP_ERROR + SIZEOF_IO_STATUS_BLOCK;
    if (Info.Family == AF_INET6)
    {
        ReplySize += sizeof(ICMPV6_ECHO_REPLY);
    }
    else
    {
#ifdef _WIN64
        ReplySize += sizeof(ICMP_ECHO_REPLY32);
#else
        ReplySize += sizeof(ICMP_ECHO_REPLY);
#endif
    }
 
    ReplyBuffer = HeapAlloc(heap, HEAP_ZERO_MEMORY, ReplySize);
    if (ReplyBuffer == NULL)
    {
        Success = false;
        goto Cleanup;
    }
 
    if (Info.Family == AF_INET6)
    {
        Info.hIcmpFile = Icmp6CreateFile();
    }
    else
    {
        Info.hIcmpFile = IcmpCreateFile();
    }
    if (Info.hIcmpFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
    {
        Success = false;
        goto Cleanup;
    }
 
    OutputText(IDS_TRACE_INFO, Info.HostName, Info.TargetIP, Info.MaxHops);
 
    IP_OPTION_INFORMATION IpOptionInfo;
    ZeroMemory(&IpOptionInfo, sizeof(IpOptionInfo));
 
    while ((HopCount <= Info.MaxHops) && (FoundTarget == false) && (Quit == false))
    {
        OutputText(IDS_HOP_COUNT, HopCount);
 
        if (LastGoodResponse)
        {
            HeapFree(heap, 0, LastGoodResponse);
            LastGoodResponse = NULL;
        }
 
        for (int Ping = 1; Ping <= NUM_OF_PINGS; Ping++)
        {
            BYTE SendBuffer[PACKET_SIZE];
            bool GoodResponse = false;
 
            IpOptionInfo.Ttl = static_cast<UCHAR>(HopCount);
 
            if (Info.Family == AF_INET6)
            {
                struct sockaddr_in6 Source;
 
                ZeroMemory(&Source, sizeof(Source));
                Source.sin6_family = AF_INET6;
 
                (void)Icmp6SendEcho2(Info.hIcmpFile,
                                     NULL,
                                     NULL,
                                     NULL,
                                     &Source,
                                     (struct sockaddr_in6 *)Info.Target->ai_addr,
                                     SendBuffer,
                                     (USHORT)PACKET_SIZE,
                                     &IpOptionInfo,
                                     ReplyBuffer,
                                     ReplySize,
                                     Info.Timeout);
            }
            else
            {
                (void)IcmpSendEcho2(Info.hIcmpFile,
                                     NULL,
                                     NULL,
                                     NULL,
                                     ((PSOCKADDR_IN)Info.Target->ai_addr)->sin_addr.s_addr,
                                     SendBuffer,
                                     (USHORT)PACKET_SIZE,
                                     &IpOptionInfo,
                                     ReplyBuffer,
                                     ReplySize,
                                     Info.Timeout);
            }
 
            if (DecodeResponse(ReplyBuffer,
                               LastGoodResponse,
                               (Ping == NUM_OF_PINGS),
                               GoodResponse,
                               FoundTarget) == false)
            {
                Quit = true;
                break;
            }
 
            if (FoundTarget)
            {
                Success = true;
                break;
            }
 
            if (GoodResponse)
            {
                if (LastGoodResponse)
                {
                    HeapFree(heap, 0, LastGoodResponse);
                }
                LastGoodResponse = HeapAlloc(heap, HEAP_ZERO_MEMORY, ReplySize);
                if (LastGoodResponse == NULL)
                {
                    Success = false;
                    goto Cleanup;
                }
                CopyMemory(LastGoodResponse, ReplyBuffer, ReplySize);
            }
        }
 
        HopCount++;
        Sleep(100);
    }
 
    OutputText(IDS_TRACE_COMPLETE);
 
Cleanup:
    if (ReplyBuffer)
    {
        HeapFree(heap, 0, ReplyBuffer);
    }
    if (LastGoodResponse)
    {
        HeapFree(heap, 0, LastGoodResponse);
    }
    if (Info.Target)
    {
        FreeAddrInfoW(Info.Target);
    }
    if (Info.hIcmpFile)
    {
        IcmpCloseHandle(Info.hIcmpFile);
    }
 
    return Success;
}

Referenced by wmain().

Usage()

static VOID Usage ( void  )

static

Definition at line 157 of file tracert.cpp.

{
    OutputText(IDS_USAGE);
}

Referenced by ParseCmdline().

wmain()

EXTERN_C int wmain	(	int	argc,
		wchar_t *	argv[]
	)

Definition at line 692 of file tracert.cpp.

{
#ifdef USE_CONUTILS
    /* Initialize the Console Standard Streams */
    ConInitStdStreams();
#endif
 
    Info.ResolveAddresses = true;
    Info.MaxHops = 30;
    Info.Timeout = 4000;
    Info.Family = AF_UNSPEC;
 
    if (!ParseCmdline(argc, argv))
    {
        return 1;
    }
 
    WSADATA WsaData;
    if (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &WsaData))
    {
        return 1;
    }
 
    bool Success;
    Success = RunTraceRoute();
 
    WSACleanup();
 
    return Success ? 0 : 1;
}

Variable Documentation

Info

struct TraceInfo Info = { 0 }