devdesc.cpp File Reference

#include "usbhub3.h"
#include "devreq.h"
#include <debug.h>

Include dependency graph for devdesc.cpp:

Go to the source code of this file.

Macros
#define	NDEBUG
#define	DESC_FIRST_READ_KEEP   8
#define	DESC_SLOW_ENUM_VENDOR   0x13FE
#define	DESC_SLOW_ENUM_PRODUCT   0x5200
#define	DESC_CLASS_MISCELLANEOUS   0xEF
#define	DESC_SUBCLASS_COMMON   0x02
#define	DESC_PROTOCOL_IAD   0x01
#define	DESC_SUBCLASS_SCSI   0x06
#define	DESC_PROTOCOL_UAS   0x62
#define	DESC_MODE_CONFIGURED   3

Functions
VOID NTAPI	HubDeviceDescContext (_In_ HubChild *Child, _Out_ HubDescContext *Context)
static VOID NTAPI	HubSetSqmFlag (_In_ HubChild *Child, _In_ ChildSqm Flag)
static BOOLEAN NTAPI	HubIsCompositeLayout (_In_ const USB_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR *Device, _In_ const USB_CONFIGURATION_DESCRIPTOR *Config)
static VOID NTAPI	HubPickCompatIdInterface (_In_ HubChild *Child, _In_ PUSB_CONFIGURATION_DESCRIPTOR Config)
static UCHAR NTAPI	HubBillboardModeCount (_In_ PUSB_DEVICE_CAPABILITY_BILLBOARD_DESCRIPTOR Caps)
VOID NTAPI	HubFreeBillboardInfo (_In_ HubChild *Child)
static VOID NTAPI	HubKeepBillboardData (_In_ HubChild *Child, _In_ PUSB_DEVICE_CAPABILITY_BILLBOARD_DESCRIPTOR Caps)
static BOOLEAN NTAPI	HubCacheSublinkSpeeds (_In_ HubChild *Child, _In_ PUSB_DEVICE_CAPABILITY_SUPERSPEEDPLUS_USB_DESCRIPTOR Caps)
	_IRQL_requires_ (PASSIVE_LEVEL) static VOID NTAPI HubPublishDualRolePartner(_In_ HubPort *Port
	Sends a synchronous IOCTL to the specified device object.
	HubPublishDualRolePartner (Child->m_Port, TRUE, Child->m_DualRolePartnerFeatures)
static VOID NTAPI	HubCacheMsOs20SetInfoFromBos (_In_ HubChild *Child, _In_ const HubMsOs20SetInfo *SetInfo)
static BOOLEAN NTAPI	HubBosSpanFits (_In_ const VOID *Start, _In_ ULONG Length, _In_ const UCHAR *End)
static VOID NTAPI	HubDropCapsPastEnd (_Inout_ HubBosInfo *Info, _In_ const UCHAR *End)
static VOID NTAPI	HubNoteAltMode (_In_ HubBillboardInfo *Billboard)
static BOOLEAN NTAPI	HubCacheString (_In_ HubChild *Child, _In_ ULONG BadReason, _Outptr_result_maybenull_ PUSB_STRING_DESCRIPTOR *Cache)
VOID NTAPI	HubReleaseTransferState (_In_ HubChild *Child)

Variables
_In_ BOOLEAN	Attached
_In_ BOOLEAN _In_ ULONG	Features
Child	m_DualRoleRequestCode = Features->VendorCommand
HubQueryLocalDualRoleFeatures &	Child
Child	m_DualRolePartnerFeatures = Features->Features

Macro Definition Documentation

DESC_CLASS_MISCELLANEOUS

#define DESC_CLASS_MISCELLANEOUS   0xEF

Definition at line 22 of file devdesc.cpp.

DESC_FIRST_READ_KEEP

#define DESC_FIRST_READ_KEEP   8

Definition at line 15 of file devdesc.cpp.

DESC_MODE_CONFIGURED

#define DESC_MODE_CONFIGURED   3

Definition at line 31 of file devdesc.cpp.

DESC_PROTOCOL_IAD

#define DESC_PROTOCOL_IAD   0x01

Definition at line 24 of file devdesc.cpp.

DESC_PROTOCOL_UAS

#define DESC_PROTOCOL_UAS   0x62

Definition at line 28 of file devdesc.cpp.

DESC_SLOW_ENUM_PRODUCT

#define DESC_SLOW_ENUM_PRODUCT   0x5200

Definition at line 19 of file devdesc.cpp.

DESC_SLOW_ENUM_VENDOR

#define DESC_SLOW_ENUM_VENDOR   0x13FE

Definition at line 18 of file devdesc.cpp.

DESC_SUBCLASS_COMMON

#define DESC_SUBCLASS_COMMON   0x02

Definition at line 23 of file devdesc.cpp.

DESC_SUBCLASS_SCSI

#define DESC_SUBCLASS_SCSI   0x06

Definition at line 27 of file devdesc.cpp.

NDEBUG

#define NDEBUG

Definition at line 11 of file devdesc.cpp.

Function Documentation

_IRQL_requires_()

_IRQL_requires_

(

PASSIVE_LEVEL

)

Sends a synchronous IOCTL to the specified device object.

Parameters

[in]	IoControlCode	The IOCTL to send to the device.
[in]	DeviceObject	Pointer to the device object that will handle the IOCTL.
[in]	InputBuffer	Optional pointer to a buffer containing input data for the IOCTL. When specified, the buffer should be at least of InputBufferLength size.
[in]	InputBufferLength	Size in bytes, of the buffer pointed by InputBuffer.
[out]	OutputBuffer	Optional pointer to a buffer that will receive output data from the IOCTL. When specified, the buffer should be at least of OutputBufferLength size.
[in]	OutputBufferLength	Size in bytes, of the buffer pointed by OutputBuffer.
[in]	FileObject	Optional pointer to a file object that may be necessary for the IOCTL.

Returns

An NTSTATUS code indicating success or failure of this function.

Note

Must be called at PASSIVE_LEVEL with all APCs enabled.

Nothing is found unless the PCI bus driver publishes the properties.

The root hub name without its prefix; NULL when the PDO has no name.

Grows a private buffer to what the helper asks for.

Lets KMDF handle the IRP, then hands it back here still uncompleted.

Waits for the device machine to answer a PnP or power event; returns the PnP status.

Definition at line 2121 of file class.c.

{
    NTSTATUS status = STATUS_SUCCESS;
 
    PAGED_CODE();
 
    TracePrint((TRACE_LEVEL_VERBOSE,
                TRACE_FLAG_PNP,
                "ClassDetermineTokenOperationCommandSupport (%p): Entering function.\n",
                DeviceObject));
 
    //
    // Send down Inquiry for VPD_THIRD_PARTY_COPY_PAGE and cache away the device parameters
    // from WINDOWS_BLOCK_DEVICE_TOKEN_LIMITS_DESCRIPTOR.
    //
    status = ClasspGetBlockDeviceTokenLimitsInfo(DeviceObject);
 
    if (NT_SUCCESS(status)) {
 
        ULONG maxListIdentifier = MaxTokenOperationListIdentifier;
 
        //
        // Query the maximum list identifier to use for TokenOperation commands.
        //
        if (NT_SUCCESS(ClasspGetMaximumTokenListIdentifier(DeviceObject, REG_DISK_CLASS_CONTROL, &maxListIdentifier))) {
            if (maxListIdentifier >= MIN_TOKEN_LIST_IDENTIFIERS) {
 
                NT_ASSERT(maxListIdentifier <= MAX_TOKEN_LIST_IDENTIFIERS);
                MaxTokenOperationListIdentifier = maxListIdentifier;
            }
        }
 
    }
 
    TracePrint((TRACE_LEVEL_VERBOSE,
                TRACE_FLAG_PNP,
                "ClassDetermineTokenOperationCommandSupport (%p): Exiting function with status %x.\n",
                DeviceObject,
                status));
 
    return status;
}

HubBillboardModeCount()

static UCHAR NTAPI HubBillboardModeCount ( _In_ PUSB_DEVICE_CAPABILITY_BILLBOARD_DESCRIPTOR  Caps )

static

Definition at line 333 of file devdesc.cpp.

{
    ULONG First = FIELD_OFFSET(USB_DEVICE_CAPABILITY_BILLBOARD_DESCRIPTOR, AlternateMode);
    ULONG Room;
 
    if (Caps->bLength <= First)
        return 0;
 
    Room = (Caps->bLength - First) / sizeof(Caps->AlternateMode[0]);
    return (UCHAR)min(Room, (ULONG)Caps->bNumberOfAlternateModes);
}

Referenced by DeviceMachine::AltModeStringWanted().

HubBosSpanFits()

static BOOLEAN NTAPI HubBosSpanFits ( _In_ const VOID *  Start, _In_ ULONG  Length, _In_ const UCHAR *  End  )

static

Definition at line 490 of file devdesc.cpp.

{
    return (const UCHAR*)Start + Length <= End;
}

Referenced by HubDropCapsPastEnd().

HubCacheMsOs20SetInfoFromBos()

static VOID NTAPI HubCacheMsOs20SetInfoFromBos ( _In_ HubChild *  Child, _In_ const HubMsOs20SetInfo *  SetInfo  )

static

Definition at line 471 of file devdesc.cpp.

{
    RtlCopyMemory(&Child->m_MsOs20SetInfo, SetInfo, sizeof(Child->m_MsOs20SetInfo));
    Child->m_MsOs20.Flags |= HUB_MSOS20_SET_INFO;
 
    if (Child->m_MsOs20SetInfo.bAltEnumCode != 0 && !Child->m_AltEnumCached)
    {
        Child->m_MsOsVendorCode = Child->m_MsOs20SetInfo.bVendorCode;
        Child->m_MsOs20.Flags |= HUB_MSOS20_ALT_ENUM;
    }
}

Referenced by DeviceMachine::BosValid().

HubCacheString()

static BOOLEAN NTAPI HubCacheString ( _In_ HubChild *  Child, _In_ ULONG  BadReason, _Outptr_result_maybenull_ PUSB_STRING_DESCRIPTOR *  Cache  )

static

Definition at line 765 of file devdesc.cpp.

{
    PUSB_STRING_DESCRIPTOR String = (PUSB_STRING_DESCRIPTOR)Child->m_ScratchBuffer;
    ULONG Bytes = HubDeviceBytesReturned(Child);
    HubDescContext Context;
    PUSB_STRING_DESCRIPTOR Copy;
 
    *Cache = NULL;
 
    HubDeviceDescContext(Child, &Context);
    if (!HubDescCheckString(&Context, String, Bytes, NULL))
    {
        Child->m_EnumMessageId = BadReason;
        return FALSE;
    }
 
    Copy = (PUSB_STRING_DESCRIPTOR)ExAllocatePoolZero(NonPagedPool, String->bLength, HUB_TAG_DEVICE);
    if (Copy == NULL)
    {
        DPRINT1("Device %p no memory for a %u byte string\n", Child, String->bLength);
        return FALSE;
    }
 
    RtlCopyMemory(Copy, String, min((ULONG)String->bLength, Bytes));
    *Cache = Copy;
    return TRUE;
}

Referenced by DeviceMachine::LanguageIdsValid(), and DeviceMachine::ProductNameValid().

HubCacheSublinkSpeeds()

static BOOLEAN NTAPI HubCacheSublinkSpeeds ( _In_ HubChild *  Child, _In_ PUSB_DEVICE_CAPABILITY_SUPERSPEEDPLUS_USB_DESCRIPTOR  Caps  )

static

Definition at line 408 of file devdesc.cpp.

{
    ULONG First = FIELD_OFFSET(USB_DEVICE_CAPABILITY_SUPERSPEEDPLUS_USB_DESCRIPTOR, bmSublinkSpeedAttr);
    ULONG Count = Caps->bmAttributes.SublinkSpeedAttrCount + 1;
    ULONG Room = (Caps->bLength > First) ? (Caps->bLength - First) / sizeof(Caps->bmSublinkSpeedAttr[0]) : 0;
    ULONG Size;
 
    Count = min(Count, Room);
    if (Count == 0)
        return TRUE;
 
    Size = Count * sizeof(Caps->bmSublinkSpeedAttr[0]);
    Child->m_SublinkSpeedAttr = (PUSB_DEVICE_CAPABILITY_SUPERSPEEDPLUS_SPEED)ExAllocatePoolWithTag(NonPagedPool,
                                                                                                   Size,
                                                                                                   HUB_TAG_DEVICE);
    if (Child->m_SublinkSpeedAttr == NULL)
    {
        DPRINT1("Device %p no memory for %lu sublink speeds\n", Child, Count);
        return FALSE;
    }
 
    RtlCopyMemory(Child->m_SublinkSpeedAttr, Caps->bmSublinkSpeedAttr, Size);
    Child->m_SublinkSpeedAttrCount = Count;
    return TRUE;
}

Referenced by DeviceMachine::BosValid().

HubDeviceDescContext()

VOID NTAPI HubDeviceDescContext	(	_In_ HubChild *	Child,
		_Out_ HubDescContext *	Context
	)

Validator context for a device, with its validation bits and hacks.

Definition at line 35 of file devdesc.cpp.

{
    HubDescInitDeviceContext(Context,
                             Child->m_DeviceDescriptor.bcdUSB,
                             Child->Speed(),
                             Child->HasHack(ChildHack::UseWin8DescriptorValidation),
                             Child->m_Port->m_Info.SspIsochBurstCount,
                             Child->m_ValidationBits);
 
    /* Only names the device in the validator's debug prints */
    Context->LogContext = Child;
}

Referenced by DeviceMachine::AltModeStringValid(), DeviceMachine::BillboardStringValid(), DeviceMachine::BosHeaderValid(), DeviceMachine::BosValid(), DeviceMachine::ConfigDescriptorValid(), DeviceMachine::ContainerIdHeaderValid(), DeviceMachine::ContainerIdKnown(), DeviceMachine::DeviceDescriptorValid(), DeviceMachine::ExtendedConfigHeaderValid(), DeviceMachine::ExtendedConfigValid(), DeviceMachine::FirstDescriptorValid(), HubCacheString(), DeviceMachine::MsOs20SetValid(), and DeviceMachine::MsOsDescriptorValid().

HubDropCapsPastEnd()

static VOID NTAPI HubDropCapsPastEnd ( _Inout_ HubBosInfo *  Info, _In_ const UCHAR *  End  )

static

Definition at line 502 of file devdesc.cpp.

{
    if (Info->SuperSpeedPlus != NULL &&
        !HubBosSpanFits(Info->SuperSpeedPlus,
                        max((ULONG)Info->SuperSpeedPlus->bLength,
                            (ULONG)FIELD_OFFSET(USB_DEVICE_CAPABILITY_SUPERSPEEDPLUS_USB_DESCRIPTOR, bmSublinkSpeedAttr)),
                        End))
    {
        DPRINT1("SuperSpeedPlus capability runs past the BOS, ignored\n");
        Info->SuperSpeedPlus = NULL;
    }
 
    if (Info->Billboard != NULL &&
        !HubBosSpanFits(Info->Billboard,
                        max((ULONG)Info->Billboard->bLength,
                            (ULONG)FIELD_OFFSET(USB_DEVICE_CAPABILITY_BILLBOARD_DESCRIPTOR, AlternateMode)),
                        End))
    {
        DPRINT1("Billboard capability runs past the BOS, ignored\n");
        Info->Billboard = NULL;
    }
 
    if (Info->ContainerId != NULL && !HubBosSpanFits(Info->ContainerId, sizeof(*Info->ContainerId), End))
    {
        DPRINT1("Container id capability runs past the BOS, ignored\n");
        Info->ContainerId = NULL;
    }
 
    if (Info->PlatformFeatures != NULL && !HubBosSpanFits(Info->PlatformFeatures, sizeof(*Info->PlatformFeatures), End))
    {
        DPRINT1("Platform features capability runs past the BOS, ignored\n");
        Info->PlatformFeatures = NULL;
    }
 
    if (Info->MsOs20SetInfo != NULL && !HubBosSpanFits(Info->MsOs20SetInfo, sizeof(*Info->MsOs20SetInfo), End))
    {
        DPRINT1("MS OS 2.0 set info runs past the BOS, ignored\n");
        Info->MsOs20SetInfo = NULL;
    }
}

Referenced by DeviceMachine::BosValid().

HubFreeBillboardInfo()

VOID NTAPI HubFreeBillboardInfo

(

_In_ HubChild *

Child

)

Frees the billboard record and its descriptor copy, if any.

Definition at line 348 of file devdesc.cpp.

{
    HubBillboardInfo* Billboard = Child->m_Billboard;
 
    if (Billboard == NULL)
        return;
 
    if (Billboard->Descriptor != NULL)
        ExFreePoolWithTag(Billboard->Descriptor, HUB_TAG_HUB);
 
    ExFreePoolWithTag(Billboard, HUB_TAG_HUB);
    Child->m_Billboard = NULL;
}

Referenced by HubKeepBillboardData(), HubReleaseTransferState(), and DeviceMachine::ReadBosHeader().

HubIsCompositeLayout()

static BOOLEAN NTAPI HubIsCompositeLayout ( _In_ const USB_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR *  Device, _In_ const USB_CONFIGURATION_DESCRIPTOR *  Config  )

static

Definition at line 142 of file devdesc.cpp.

{
    if (Device->bNumConfigurations != 1 || Config->bNumInterfaces <= 1)
        return FALSE;
 
    if (Device->bDeviceClass == 0)
        return TRUE;
 
    return Device->bDeviceClass == DESC_CLASS_MISCELLANEOUS &&
           Device->bDeviceSubClass == DESC_SUBCLASS_COMMON &&
           Device->bDeviceProtocol == DESC_PROTOCOL_IAD;
}

Referenced by DeviceMachine::ConfigDescriptorValid().

HubKeepBillboardData()

static VOID NTAPI HubKeepBillboardData ( _In_ HubChild *  Child, _In_ PUSB_DEVICE_CAPABILITY_BILLBOARD_DESCRIPTOR  Caps  )

static

Definition at line 367 of file devdesc.cpp.

{
    HubBillboardInfo* Billboard;
    ULONG Size;
 
    HubFreeBillboardInfo(Child);
 
    Billboard = (HubBillboardInfo*)ExAllocatePoolZero(NonPagedPool, sizeof(*Billboard), HUB_TAG_HUB);
    if (Billboard == NULL)
    {
        DPRINT1("Device %p no memory for the billboard record\n", Child);
        return;
    }
 
    Billboard->CurrentMode = HUB_BILLBOARD_NO_MODE;
 
    /* Readers walk every mode the descriptor claims, which may run past bLength */
    Size = FIELD_OFFSET(USB_DEVICE_CAPABILITY_BILLBOARD_DESCRIPTOR, AlternateMode) +
           Caps->bNumberOfAlternateModes * sizeof(Caps->AlternateMode[0]);
    Size = max(Size, (ULONG)Caps->bLength);
 
    Billboard->Descriptor = (PUSB_DEVICE_CAPABILITY_BILLBOARD_DESCRIPTOR)ExAllocatePoolZero(NonPagedPool,
                                                                                            Size,
                                                                                            HUB_TAG_HUB);
    if (Billboard->Descriptor == NULL)
    {
        DPRINT1("Device %p no memory for a %lu byte billboard copy\n", Child, Size);
        ExFreePoolWithTag(Billboard, HUB_TAG_HUB);
        return;
    }
 
    RtlCopyMemory(Billboard->Descriptor, Caps, Caps->bLength);
    Child->m_Billboard = Billboard;
}

Referenced by DeviceMachine::BosValid().

HubNoteAltMode()

static VOID NTAPI HubNoteAltMode ( _In_ HubBillboardInfo *  Billboard )

static

Definition at line 685 of file devdesc.cpp.

{
    UCHAR Mode = Billboard->CurrentMode;
    UCHAR Configured = (Billboard->Descriptor->bmConfigured[Mode / 4] >> ((Mode % 4) * 2)) & 3;
 
    DPRINT("Billboard %p alternate mode %u configuration state %u\n", Billboard, Mode, Configured);
 
    if (Configured == DESC_MODE_CONFIGURED)
        Billboard->ModeSuccess = TRUE;
    else
        Billboard->ModeError = TRUE;
}

Referenced by DeviceMachine::AltModeStringValid(), and DeviceMachine::AltModeStringWanted().

HubPickCompatIdInterface()

static VOID NTAPI HubPickCompatIdInterface ( _In_ HubChild *  Child, _In_ PUSB_CONFIGURATION_DESCRIPTOR  Config  )

static

Definition at line 164 of file devdesc.cpp.

{
    PUSB_INTERFACE_DESCRIPTOR Interface;
    PUSB_INTERFACE_DESCRIPTOR Uas;
    USB_DEVICE_SPEED Speed = Child->Speed();
    BOOLEAN FastEnough;
 
    Interface = HubDescFindInterface(Config, Config, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, NULL);
    Child->m_CompatIdInterface = Interface;
    if (Interface == NULL)
        return;
 
    if (Interface->bInterfaceClass == USB_DEVICE_CLASS_HUB)
    {
        Child->SetProperty(ChildProperty::IsHub);
        Child->SetState(ChildState::PrefixedSerial);
        return;
    }
 
    /* QUIRK: only UsbSuperSpeed qualifies, not a SuperSpeedPlus speed value */
    FastEnough = (Speed == UsbSuperSpeed && Child->m_Hub->m_StreamsSupported) || Speed == UsbHighSpeed;
 
    if (Child->HasProperty(ChildProperty::IsComposite) ||
        Child->m_DeviceDescriptor.bcdUSB <= 0x0200 ||
        Child->HasHack(ChildHack::DisableUasp) ||
        !FastEnough)
    {
        return;
    }
 
    Uas = HubDescFindInterface(Config,
                               Config,
                               Interface->bInterfaceNumber,
                               -1,
                               USB_DEVICE_CLASS_STORAGE,
                               DESC_SUBCLASS_SCSI,
                               DESC_PROTOCOL_UAS,
                               NULL);
    if (Uas != NULL)
    {
        Child->SetState(ChildState::PrefixedSerial);
        Child->m_CompatIdInterface = Uas;
    }
}

Referenced by DeviceMachine::ConfigDescriptorValid().

HubPublishDualRolePartner()

HubPublishDualRolePartner	(	Child->	m_Port,
		TRUE	,
		Child->	m_DualRolePartnerFeatures
	)

HubReleaseTransferState()

VOID NTAPI HubReleaseTransferState

(

_In_ HubChild *

Child

)

Frees the buffers only the transfer module owns. Call when the device object is destroyed.

Definition at line 973 of file devdesc.cpp.

{
    HubFreeBillboardInfo(Child);
 
    if (Child->m_SublinkSpeedAttr != NULL)
    {
        ExFreePoolWithTag(Child->m_SublinkSpeedAttr, HUB_TAG_DEVICE);
        Child->m_SublinkSpeedAttr = NULL;
        Child->m_SublinkSpeedAttrCount = 0;
    }
 
    if (Child->m_MsOsExtConfig != NULL)
    {
        ExFreePoolWithTag(Child->m_MsOsExtConfig, HUB_TAG_DEVICE);
        Child->m_MsOsExtConfig = NULL;
    }
}

HubSetSqmFlag()

static VOID NTAPI HubSetSqmFlag ( _In_ HubChild *  Child, _In_ ChildSqm  Flag  )

static

Definition at line 53 of file devdesc.cpp.

{
    InterlockedOr(&Child->m_SqmFlags, (LONG)Flag);
}

Referenced by DeviceMachine::BosValid(), and DeviceMachine::ConfigDescriptorValid().

Variable Documentation

Attached

_In_ BOOLEAN Attached

Definition at line 443 of file devdesc.cpp.

Referenced by MiUnmapViewOfSection(), MmMapViewOfArm3Section(), NtAllocateVirtualMemory(), NtFreeVirtualMemory(), NtLockVirtualMemory(), NtProtectVirtualMemory(), NtUnlockVirtualMemory(), PspWriteTebImpersonationInfo(), and TestDeviceDeletion().

Child

HubQueryLocalDualRoleFeatures& Child

Definition at line 459 of file devdesc.cpp.

Referenced by HubDeviceDescContext().

Features

_In_ const HubPlatformFeatures * Features

Initial value:

{
    DPRINT("Port %p dual role partner %u features 0x%lx\n", Port, Attached, Features)

Definition at line 444 of file devdesc.cpp.

Referenced by CheckCDType(), DetermineCpuFeatures(), DumpVirtIOFeatures(), PataExecutePacketCommand(), DeviceMachine::SendUsbFeatures(), SvwSataLoadTaskFile(), and test_user_shared_data().

m_DualRolePartnerFeatures

Child m_DualRolePartnerFeatures = Features->Features

Definition at line 460 of file devdesc.cpp.

m_DualRoleRequestCode

Child m_DualRoleRequestCode = Features->VendorCommand

Definition at line 458 of file devdesc.cpp.