magic.c

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/*
 * magic.c - PPP Magic Number routines.
 *
 * Copyright (c) 1984-2000 Carnegie Mellon University. All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 *
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
 *    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
 *    distribution.
 *
 * 3. The name "Carnegie Mellon University" must not be used to
 *    endorse or promote products derived from this software without
 *    prior written permission. For permission or any legal
 *    details, please contact
 *      Office of Technology Transfer
 *      Carnegie Mellon University
 *      5000 Forbes Avenue
 *      Pittsburgh, PA  15213-3890
 *      (412) 268-4387, fax: (412) 268-7395
 *      tech-transfer@andrew.cmu.edu
 *
 * 4. Redistributions of any form whatsoever must retain the following
 *    acknowledgment:
 *    "This product includes software developed by Computing Services
 *     at Carnegie Mellon University (http://www.cmu.edu/computing/)."
 *
 * CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO
 * THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
 * AND FITNESS, IN NO EVENT SHALL CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
 * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN
 * AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING
 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
 */
/*****************************************************************************
* randm.c - Random number generator program file.
*
* Copyright (c) 2003 by Marc Boucher, Services Informatiques (MBSI) inc.
* Copyright (c) 1998 by Global Election Systems Inc.
*
* The authors hereby grant permission to use, copy, modify, distribute,
* and license this software and its documentation for any purpose, provided
* that existing copyright notices are retained in all copies and that this
* notice and the following disclaimer are included verbatim in any
* distributions. No written agreement, license, or royalty fee is required
* for any of the authorized uses.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE CONTRIBUTORS *AS IS* AND ANY EXPRESS OR
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
* OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
* IN NO EVENT SHALL THE CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
* INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
* NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
* DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
* THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
* (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
* THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
******************************************************************************
* REVISION HISTORY
*
* 03-01-01 Marc Boucher <marc@mbsi.ca>
*   Ported to lwIP.
* 98-06-03 Guy Lancaster <lancasterg@acm.org>, Global Election Systems Inc.
*   Extracted from avos.
*****************************************************************************/
 
#include "netif/ppp/ppp_opts.h"
#if PPP_SUPPORT /* don't build if not configured for use in lwipopts.h */
 
#include "netif/ppp/ppp_impl.h"
#include "netif/ppp/magic.h"
 
#if PPP_MD5_RANDM /* Using MD5 for better randomness if enabled */
 
#include "netif/ppp/pppcrypt.h"
 
#define MD5_HASH_SIZE 16
static char magic_randpool[MD5_HASH_SIZE];   /* Pool of randomness. */
static long magic_randcount;      /* Pseudo-random incrementer */
static u32_t magic_randomseed;    /* Seed used for random number generation. */
 
/*
 * Churn the randomness pool on a random event.  Call this early and often
 *  on random and semi-random system events to build randomness in time for
 *  usage.  For randomly timed events, pass a null pointer and a zero length
 *  and this will use the system timer and other sources to add randomness.
 *  If new random data is available, pass a pointer to that and it will be
 *  included.
 *
 * Ref: Applied Cryptography 2nd Ed. by Bruce Schneier p. 427
 */
static void magic_churnrand(char *rand_data, u32_t rand_len) {
  lwip_md5_context md5_ctx;
 
  /* LWIP_DEBUGF(LOG_INFO, ("magic_churnrand: %u@%P\n", rand_len, rand_data)); */
  lwip_md5_init(&md5_ctx);
  lwip_md5_starts(&md5_ctx);
  lwip_md5_update(&md5_ctx, (u_char *)magic_randpool, sizeof(magic_randpool));
  if (rand_data) {
    lwip_md5_update(&md5_ctx, (u_char *)rand_data, rand_len);
  } else {
    struct {
      /* INCLUDE fields for any system sources of randomness */
      u32_t jiffies;
#ifdef LWIP_RAND
      u32_t rand;
#endif /* LWIP_RAND */
    } sys_data;
    /* Load sys_data fields here. */
    magic_randomseed += sys_jiffies();
    sys_data.jiffies = magic_randomseed;
#ifdef LWIP_RAND
    sys_data.rand = LWIP_RAND();
#endif /* LWIP_RAND */
    lwip_md5_update(&md5_ctx, (u_char *)&sys_data, sizeof(sys_data));
  }
  lwip_md5_finish(&md5_ctx, (u_char *)magic_randpool);
  lwip_md5_free(&md5_ctx);
/*  LWIP_DEBUGF(LOG_INFO, ("magic_churnrand: -> 0\n")); */
}
 
/*
 * Initialize the random number generator.
 */
void magic_init(void) {
  magic_churnrand(NULL, 0);
}
 
/*
 * Randomize our random seed value.
 */
void magic_randomize(void) {
  magic_churnrand(NULL, 0);
}
 
/*
 * Fill a buffer with random bytes.
 *
 * Use the random pool to generate random data.  This degrades to pseudo
 *  random when used faster than randomness is supplied using magic_churnrand().
 * Note: It's important that there be sufficient randomness in magic_randpool
 *  before this is called for otherwise the range of the result may be
 *  narrow enough to make a search feasible.
 *
 * Ref: Applied Cryptography 2nd Ed. by Bruce Schneier p. 427
 *
 * XXX Why does he not just call magic_churnrand() for each block?  Probably
 *  so that you don't ever publish the seed which could possibly help
 *  predict future values.
 * XXX Why don't we preserve md5 between blocks and just update it with
 *  magic_randcount each time?  Probably there is a weakness but I wish that
 *  it was documented.
 */
void magic_random_bytes(unsigned char *buf, u32_t buf_len) {
  lwip_md5_context md5_ctx;
  u_char tmp[MD5_HASH_SIZE];
  u32_t n;
 
  while (buf_len > 0) {
    lwip_md5_init(&md5_ctx);
    lwip_md5_starts(&md5_ctx);
    lwip_md5_update(&md5_ctx, (u_char *)magic_randpool, sizeof(magic_randpool));
    lwip_md5_update(&md5_ctx, (u_char *)&magic_randcount, sizeof(magic_randcount));
    lwip_md5_finish(&md5_ctx, tmp);
    lwip_md5_free(&md5_ctx);
    magic_randcount++;
    n = LWIP_MIN(buf_len, MD5_HASH_SIZE);
    MEMCPY(buf, tmp, n);
    buf += n;
    buf_len -= n;
  }
}
 
/*
 * Return a new 32-bit random number.
 */
u32_t magic(void) {
  u32_t new_rand;
 
  magic_random_bytes((unsigned char *)&new_rand, sizeof(new_rand));
  return new_rand;
}
 
#else /* PPP_MD5_RANDM */
 
#ifndef LWIP_RAND
static int  magic_randomized;       /* Set when truly randomized. */
#endif /* LWIP_RAND */
static u32_t magic_randomseed;      /* Seed used for random number generation. */
 
/*
 * Initialize the random number generator.
 *
 * Here we attempt to compute a random number seed but even if
 * it isn't random, we'll randomize it later.
 *
 * The current method uses the jiffies counter.  When this is
 * invoked at startup the jiffies counter value may repeat
 * after each boot.  Thus we call it again on the first
 * random event.
 *
 * If LWIP_RAND if available, we do not call srand() as we are
 * not going to call rand().
 */
void magic_init(void) {
  magic_randomseed += sys_jiffies();
#ifndef LWIP_RAND
  /* Initialize the random number generator. */
  srand((unsigned)magic_randomseed);
#endif /* LWIP_RAND */
}
 
/*
 * Randomize our random seed value.  Here we use the fact that
 * this function is called at *truly random* times by the polling
 * and network functions.  Here we only get 16 bits of new random
 * value but we use the previous value to randomize the other 16
 * bits.
 */
void magic_randomize(void) {
#ifndef LWIP_RAND
  if (!magic_randomized) {
    magic_randomized = !0;
    magic_init();
    /* The initialization function also updates the seed. */
    return;
  }
#endif /* LWIP_RAND */
  magic_randomseed += sys_jiffies();
}
 
/*
 * Return a new 32-bit random number.
 *
 * Here we use the rand() function to supply a pseudo random
 * number which we make truly random by combining it with our own
 * seed which is randomized by truly random events.
 * Thus the numbers will be truly random unless there have been no
 * operator or network events in which case it will be pseudo random
 * seeded by srand().
 *
 * Alternatively, use LWIP_RAND if available, but we do not assume
 * it is returning 32 bits of random data because it is probably
 * going to be defined to directly return the rand() value. For
 * example, LCP magic numbers are 32-bit random values.
 */
u32_t magic(void) {
#ifdef LWIP_RAND
  return (LWIP_RAND() << 16) + LWIP_RAND() + magic_randomseed;
#else /* LWIP_RAND */
  return ((u32_t)rand() << 16) + (u32_t)rand() + magic_randomseed;
#endif /* LWIP_RAND */
}
 
/*
 * Fill a buffer with random bytes.
 */
void magic_random_bytes(unsigned char *buf, u32_t buf_len) {
  u32_t new_rand, n;
 
  while (buf_len > 0) {
    new_rand = magic();
    n = LWIP_MIN(buf_len, sizeof(new_rand));
    MEMCPY(buf, &new_rand, n);
    buf += n;
    buf_len -= n;
  }
}
#endif /* PPP_MD5_RANDM */
 
/*
 * Return a new random number between 0 and (2^pow)-1 included.
 */
u32_t magic_pow(u8_t pow) {
  return magic() & ~(~0UL<<pow);
}
 
#endif /* PPP_SUPPORT */